N95 respirator mask breathing leads to excessive carbon dioxide inhalation and reduced heat transfer in a human nasal cavity
نویسندگان
چکیده
Face masks and respirators are used to filter inhaled air, which may contain airborne droplets high particulate matter (PM) concentrations. The act as a barrier the exhaled change nasal airflow characteristics air-conditioning function of nose. This study aims investigate dynamics during respiration with without an N95 respirator driven by through cavity assess effect on breathing conditions respiration. To achieve objective this study, transient computational fluid simulations have been utilized. geometry was reconstructed from high-resolution Computed Tomography scans healthy 25-year-old female subject. species transport method analyze airflow, temperature, carbon dioxide (CO2), moisture content (H2O), temperature distribution within eight consecutive cycles tidal volume 500 ml. results demonstrated that caused excessive CO2 inhalation approximately 7× greater per breath compared normal breathing. Furthermore, heat mass transfer in reduced, influences perception patency. It is suggested wearers high-efficiency minimal porosity low air exchange for regulation should consider amount time they wear mask.
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Physics of Fluids
سال: 2021
ISSN: ['1527-2435', '1089-7666', '1070-6631']
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0061574